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    Thoughts on accented letters and AltGr

    • Started by Sigmoid
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    • Registered: 22-Apr-2015
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    [Moved this from Technical as I realized I shouldn't have posted it there.]

    While Colemak has been optimized for English, I have done some research and it seems it's almost as good for most European languages, and it definitely outperforms QWERTY in pretty much all cases. Of course that leaves the problem of accented characters...

    The German QWERTZ keyboard layout puts accented characters and the scharfes Ess on the keyboard, but the latter is on the number row... Hungarian, the derivative of the German layout, goes one step further. As Hungarian has a lot more accented characters, it stuffs them around in the most awkward positions to be hit with the pinky, with considerable wrist movement and strain.

    There are attempts at optimizing for German (the Neo 2.0 for example), but what is missing is a good all-rounder keyboard. If you type several languages, the whole idea of optimization becomes problematic in a way. Still, Colemak is good enough. The Windows layout download has dead keys for accents, but they are in seemingly arbitrary places, and require AltGr - definitely not suitable for typing long texts in a language with accents.

    My opinion about rarely used symbols is that they should be placed in a "meaningful" position, while frequently used ones should be in "reachable" positions. For an international Colemak, I'd suggest having AltGr make ' : and " into dead keys for the respective combining accents. (These are the accents used in Hungarian and German, the rest of accents used in languages using latin script should be similarly assigned to a symbol that looks similar to the accent.)

    As for a Colemak variant for typing Hungarian text (or German, though for German the optimal placements would be different), using dead keys also makes a lot of sense, as we can get rid of the stretchy positions for regular letters.
    In Hungarian, the characters á, é, ú, ó together account for more than 8% of character frequency. I'd place the ' combining accent on the unmodified ' " key, leave " as the Shift layer, and put ' on AltGr.
    The umlaut is much less frequent, ö and ü account for ~1.5%, and there is no ä in Hungarian. I'd place it on the unmodified ;: key, and similarly shift ; to the AltGr layer.
    The double acute, which to my knowledge is unique to Hungarian, is the least frequent accent. Ő and ű account for approximately 1% of character frequency. It would be pretty comfortable under the pinky on [ {. Good thing that these characters are incredibly rarely used outside programming and mathematics.

    ...that said looking at the position of o, ö and ő would become slightly uncomfortable, as one either has to move the right pinky, or reorient the entire right hand... so maybe these might be better off elsewhere. The ISO keyboard has an additional key next to RShift... It could take umlaut unmodified, and double acute on shift...

    While thinking about this, and checking the AltGr layers, I kind of had the impression that these are put together without any rhyme or reason. Why have ä when you have the combining umlaut, etc.? Is there anyone who regularly uses the AltGr layer on an English keyboard, and could add some usage perspective? There are lots of typographical and mathematical signs that would be nice to have.

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    • From: Viken, Norway
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    Please check out my sig topic, the section on locale layouts! Also, for general AltGr symbols see the Colemak[eD] and dead key sections.

    Here's where my Hungarian layout suggestion is described (a bit down): https://forum.colemak.com/viewtopic.php … 015#p10015

    I think that moving the apostrophe and semicolon may prove too disruptive, depending on who you're asking of course. So I stuck to my general method and took the bracket keys, as seen in my sig topics.

        Cmk-eD-hu-usym-aw_Xmc.png
        Hungarian layout, shown with the AngleWide ergo mod. The acute, double-acute and umlaut keys are dead keys.

    Last edited by DreymaR (22-Apr-2015 23:19:01)

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    DreymaR said:

    Please check out my sig topic, the section on locale layouts! Also, for general AltGr symbols see the Colemak[eD] and dead key sections.

    Here's where my Hungarian layout suggestion is described (a bit down): https://forum.colemak.com/viewtopic.php … 015#p10015

    I think that moving the apostrophe and semicolon may prove too disruptive, depending on who you're asking of course. So I stuck to my general method and took the bracket keys, as seen in my sig topics.

        https://dl.dropboxusercontent.com/u/145 … aw_Xmc.png
        Hungarian layout, shown with the AngleWide ergo mod. The acute, double-acute and umlaut keys are dead keys.

    Thanks! :) I like these. This approach of separating the letter block looks like a pretty neat idea, but it makes me worried that it might sacrifice primary finger keys for something that isn't very frequent at all.

    Last edited by Sigmoid (23-Apr-2015 21:38:26)
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    Not sure what you mean by 'sacrificing primary finger keys'? If you mean the keys in the middle of the Wide modded layouts, they aren't in any way "sacrificed" as their mapping to the strong index fingers, while providing relief for the weak pinkies, has its practicality offset by the two-key distance from the home position. These keys are accessible in those positions, but not too accessible to justify mapping rare stuff to them.

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    DreymaR said:

    Not sure what you mean by 'sacrificing primary finger keys'? If you mean the keys in the middle of the Wide modded layouts, they aren't in any way "sacrificed" as their mapping to the strong index fingers, while providing relief for the weak pinkies, has its practicality offset by the two-key distance from the home position. These keys are accessible in those positions, but not too accessible to justify mapping rare stuff to them.

    Okay I think I see... basically home position would be different on these keyboard layouts. N would still be right home key.

    You'd have to physically alter the keyboard though for this to feel right though. I at least rely a lot on the home key indicators.

    Last edited by Sigmoid (23-Apr-2015 22:46:27)
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    • From: Viken, Norway
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    Indeed, the point of the Wide ergonomic mod is to take some load off the pinky, increase hand separation a little and decrease the distance to Back, Enter, RShift and AltGr.

    Yes, I sometimes do move the keys around for the ergo mods. On my current laptop which has a stick in the middle though, I haven't and it's working well enough for me.

    On the upside, I had one physically altered board showing QWERTY with an AngleWide ergo mod. This computer was used by my wife and children who didn't seem to mind at all! I have only gotten complaints from touch typists that needed a little time to adjust to the Angle mod (the ZXVCB shift).

    The one thing I really crave is an index bump for the right hand. So I've carved a little mark in the (unmoved) QWERTY K key, enough to feel "at home" resting on that key. It doesn't take a lot. Be careful when handling keys though, as you don't want to break off any of the delicate parts under them!

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    I see that AngleWide seems to rely on ISO layout a lot. While I personally love the ISO keyboard, I'm stuck with a bunch of ANSI ones. :D Does it work as well on ANSI?

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    • From: Viken, Norway
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    It's easiest on ISO, almost a no-brainer to me. ANSI users have some options, described in that topic, but all of them are compromises. The latest suggestion for brave ANSI users implied making LShift a Z key! A bit much for my tastes.

    I've lately taken it one step further, to Curl-Angle(Wide); again, it's described in the XKB post. I like dethroning the QWERTY G and H positions somewhat, putting D and H down instead to positions that I at least like better. SteveP and I use slightly different mods (Curl-DbgHk vs Curl-DvbgHm) but the idea is the same.

    Last edited by DreymaR (24-Apr-2015 12:05:40)

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    Thx, I think I'm starting to figure out what might work best. I think what currently seems to be the pretty good is this one.

    The advantage, for me, is that I have ample place to put accent dead keys! Having all the potential dead keys on the right pinky, right next to bloody O is a nightmare for designing a dead key Hungarian layout based on Colemak. O can take any and all accents in Hungarian, and very often does too, lol! This way no accented letter would involve a same-finger movement, and most of them seem pretty comfortable too.
    Also, I can leave ; free for programming.

    The drawback of this one, of course, is once again having to move the home keys. I feel this layout would be too confusing on a keyboard with the home keys in the standard location. :D That, and having both the ' accent and ? right in the middle, in a really weird placement... Especially ?, pressing that key with shift held seems like good practice for holding down jazz chords on a piano.

    Last edited by Sigmoid (01-May-2015 06:53:04)
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    My name for that one would be 'A-Frame Curl-DvbgHm Colemak'.

    I'd put the accents on the unshifted brackets and the brackets on AltGr to better the typing flow unless you code a lot. Not sure if that might lead to some left pinky misfires so it'd have to be tested a little. But essentially it'd be my Hungarian locale layout with the A-Frame mod.

    I agree that the /? key in the middle isn't optimal, but in this case it's one or the other and I think the '" key really needs to remain close to the original position. So it's probably the best bet given the constraints. I'd press it with the right hand index finger and the left Shift for the question mark.

    I went for the more conservative Curl-DbgHk mod myself, as I think that breaking up the XCV block isn't worth the bother and the M key is too important for the middle trench. Also, it doesn't deserve being moved away from its QWERTY position which I think is good for that key as it is. In my experience, the new positions for my DH keys are really comfortable so I don't think they'd be better in those other positions really. But I haven't tried Steve's mod (that you want) for any length of time so I don't know for sure of course.

    Last edited by DreymaR (01-May-2015 09:22:15)

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    I've recently been observing how it's most comfortable to type, and indeed a major source of stress is having my wrists twisted parallel on the keyboard. I'm self-taught, and there are a lot of things I'm objectively doing wrong and trying to lose (like using the same side Shift as the key I'm pressing, or hitting Bksp with my ring finger instead of my pinky), but what I noticed is that I always reach the middle of the top row with my middle finger, as with my hands angled, it kind of gives itself to that.

    Even the "curl" mods seem to assume standard home positions. If we retain the home indicator keys, the most comfortable home positions seem to be this (red=index finger, green=middle finger, blue=ring finger, pink=pinky).

    Last edited by Sigmoid (05-May-2015 16:00:11)
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    I wouldn't go as far as to say that – and I think AWFT is better than AFPT by a fair measure. But I do agree with the general idea of it.

    However, my relaxed home position has the middle and ring fingers at the upper edges of the home row keys and the index fingers at the lower edges. This fits well in with the Curl mod, and is quite similar to what you describe.

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    By the way, I remember seeing "effort scores" assigned to various keys on some pages, including the one on the Curl mod... The ADNW German layout, and the genetic optimizer that was used in its development also rely a lot on these scores.
    Is there any treaty or article on the method these are assigned? It seems like a black box to me. Sure, "lower is easier" is clear, but what makes one key 2.5 and another for example 4.6? Etc.

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    The effort scores are pulled out of our arses for the most part, sorry about that! :-)

    Interestingly, the MessagEase touch screen keyboard has some solid-looking research behind it! Usng Fitt's algorithm should work on normal keyboards too so there should probably be some research out there on the Dvorak and QWERTY layouts that I'm unaware of, but there will be other unknown parameters nevertheless.

    The analyzer on the Curl mod pages is simple but nice and configurable. Steve (its creator) and I tried several sets of weightings based on intuition, and reassuringly we ended up with pretty similar conclusions. So while not representing any kind of solid truth, models like that may give you some good indications. Shai used similar analyzers when designing Colemak. But trusting them to the end like CarpalX seems to be doing is something I'm sceptical of as optimizing a layout purely based on modeling will find you layouts that are only as good as the model and will need tempering with wisdom and the observation of usage over time. Shai was very much aware of that, and spent hundreds of hours of his own work on the design. Unfortunately he didn't publish anything that I know of when he was done, only discussions beforehand. He acts like a "First Maker", which has merits but also downsides.

    In a way, it's such usage over time that has shown me that Colemak and the optimizations I use with it are good. But being one single person I'm not fit to speak for the general effectiveness of these nor about my personal bias and misconceptions, so clearly that much wanted research is desperately needed. But nobody seem to have the money, facilities and/or interest for that... :-(

    Last edited by DreymaR (06-May-2015 05:58:11)

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    Depending on the board, AltGr can be a hard thing to reach. As an example, the Logitech K120 has it way out too far, which caused pain in my right hand when typing Spanish. With my hands in mind I prefer either the Microsoft Natural Ergonomic 4000 or the Apple Aluminum Wired Keyboard MB110LL/A. They are both comfortable and don't require too much stretch to AltGr.

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    As often said before, the Wide ergo mods (or, for ANSI boards, also the A-Wing angle mod) are a simple enough solution to that problem! ;-)

    Last edited by DreymaR (18-May-2015 09:32:38)

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